The Barnum Effect
These tests often use statements that feel personally meaningful but apply broadly. This isn't necessarily negative - it can prompt valuable self-reflection and insight.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
When people identify with a personality type, they may unconsciously adapt their behavior to match, potentially reinforcing positive traits and building confidence.
Confirmation Bias
We tend to remember instances that confirm our type and forget those that don't. This selective attention can make tests feel more accurate than they objectively are.
Reference: Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44(1), 118-123.RetryEC